Essay about Gandhi and his passive Resistace to Great...

Mohandas Gandhi nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as mahatma Gandhi, was a Indian nationalist leader, who established his countrys freedom through a nonviolent revolution. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gandhi became a leader in a difficult struggle, the Indian campaign for home rule. He believed and dedicated his life to demonstrating that both individuals and nations owe it to themselves to stay free, and to allow the same freedom to others. Gandhi was one of the gentlest of men, a devout and almost mystical Hindu, but he had and iron core of determination. Nothing could change his convictions. Some observers called him a master politician. Others believed him a saint.†¦show more content†¦Mahatma meant great soul, a title reserved for the greatest leaders. Gandhis nonviolence was the expression of a way of life understood in the Hindu religion. By the Indian practice of nonviolence, Gandhi said, Great Britain would eventually consider violence useless and would leave India. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Mahatmas political and spiritual hold on India was so great that the British authorities dared not to interfere with him. In 1921 the Indian National Congress, the group that spearheaded the movement for nationhood, gave Gandhi complete executive authority, with the right of naming his own successor. A series of armed revolts against Great Britain broke out, culminating in such violence that Gandhi confessed failure of the civil-disobedience campaign he had called, and ended it. The British government again seized and imprisoned him in 1922. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1930 the Mahatma proclaimed a new campaign for civil disobedience, calling upon the Indian population to refuse to pay taxes, particularly the tax on salt. The campaign was a two hundred mile march to the sea, in which thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from Ahmadabad to the Arabian Sea, where they made salt by vaporating sea water. Once more Gandhi was arrested, but he was released in 1931, halting the campaign after the British made compromises to his demands. In the same year Gandhi represented the Indian National Congress at a conference in London.

The Sources of Robert Mugabes Corruption - 771 Words

As a life of a young boy Robert Mugabe was growing up to hate the British colony that had settled in Zimbabwe. With the struggle of limited education and certain life styles, Mugabe was left to tend the family farm and raise money for his family by doing jobs in the town he lived in. After his father mysteriously disappeared one afternoon, Mugabe was alone with his mother and two siblings to fend for themselves (Robert Mugabe Biography). No wonder this man hates the British colony that settled, after they did his life was ruined, or so he thought. Now what used to be a beautiful Zimbabwe was ruined and destroyed, but not only by the British intruders, but by Mugabe himself. He became powerful and cruel to all of Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe is corrupted in many different ways, bribery, military, prostitution, and even their Prime Minister. Since Mugabes election in 1980 he has ruled his people with violence and intimidation. Mugabe has since been the only leader in Zimbabwe. Gold and Diamonds, Zimbabwe’s best natural resources, fueled Mugabe’s candidacy with money (Robert Mugabe Biography). Mugabe wanted to rule â€Å"his† country and have people live like he wanted them too, but most of all he hated the British colony and all whites in â€Å"his† country. He made it his life goal to threaten all intruders and whites, an all out genocide. Mugabe’s hatred for the whites led him to kill 20,000 civilians thought to have opposed him. In only five years Mugabe had managed to murder manyShow MoreRelatedReasons for Zimbabwes Economic Decline Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesamazing nature, but most European and American airlines cancelled all flights to Zimbabwe due to Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front government’s racist speech against white people. Moreover, no opposition is able to compete with Robert Mugabe’s party while it threatens and murders its opponents. For example, in late 1999, Mugabe failed to adopt new constitution and realized that his opponents grew in strength and that he really could be displaced from the power, he further lacked financialRead More Independent Media and the Internet Essay4255 Words   |  18 Pagesobtain, quite expensive, and unable to cover all major topics due to resources. Journals such as The Nation and The Progressive managed to obtain nationwide circulation, but were often unknown outside of politically left leaning groups. Sources such as The Nation actually began as a way to promote leftist ideals and views. Most mainstream media was fairly well balanced due to government restrictions on ownership and responsibility. The population of the United States was receiving fairlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Chinua Achebe s The Flies 1483 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing representative of traditional life, it was representative of academic life. A place where liberal debate reigned supreme, and houseboys could learn to write historical literature. By way of contrast, Umunnachi was a product of bureaucratic corruption, white-Imperialist puppets, and humanitarian tragedy. This fall from an ideal is similar to the one in Achebe’s novel. Thus, while tradition and culture are not exalted in Adichie’s novel, it does adhere to the template in its use of a fall fromRead MoreWhat Are Poor Governance And Corrupt Leadership Affect The Development Of The Countries1844 Words   |  8 Pagesmajor obstacle for the growth and development of economies, welfare and infrastructure in poor and developing countries (Moore, 2001:386). 3 What is the result of poor governance? Poor governance has many negative effects on a country including corruption, high economic loss and the deterrence of potential investors. The effects of poor governance are dire for a whole country but the results are most felt but poor and developing countries, especially its the poorest residents. Poor governance meansRead MoreDemocracy And The Anc Of South Africa2059 Words   |  9 Pagesattained independence from Colonial rule in 1980. A struggle, not dis-similar to that fought in South Africa, led by the Zimbabwean African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU PF), brought freedom and democracy to Zimbabwe. Under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, ZANU-PF has won every election since Zimbabwe’s independence. Contexually different to South Africa, the guerilla army played a much more significant role in delivering freedom and democracy to Zimbabwe, than the workers’ and civil society

Market Control Boeing Free Essays

Boeing is no doubt a market leader in the aircraft manufacturing industry with heavy presence in virtually all continents.   This places Boeing in a better place in the market control due to its ability and potential to influence aircraft prices.   Although market control for Boeing has not been that easy considering the stiff competition from competitors such as Airbus, mostly it is Boeing which evidently exerts a great deal of influence on the price of aircrafts. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Control: Boeing or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, Boeing has been able to combine cutting edge technology with its market position to its advantage. Although aircraft-manufacturing industry has considerably many players, few have a global presence and can significantly have an input in the market control.   Boeing happens to be among the few players who influence prices. The fact that there are relatively more buyers of aircrafts than there are sellers especially of heavy and fighter airplanes means that the sellers can easily exert market control.   Considering this imbalance between strength of buyers and the control of the manufacturers, Boeing has come up as a market power.   The ability of Boeing in market control is not only evident in price control, but in innovation of new and modern products such as; custom made accommodation in the aircrafts especially targeting the business and tourist segment of market. Evidence of market control of Boeing is seen in the positively sloped supply curve which has characterized the market prices for Boeing’s products in the past decade.   Market control has had an effect on Boeing especially considering that, all of the functions of management such as planning; organizing, coordinating and controlling are pegged on market performance.   Market control has seen profits for Boeing stabilize which means the management of Boeing can strategically plan for expansion programs and other programs with certainty. With market control, it is easier to estimate sales volume with certainty, and therefore planning for staff needs becomes easy for Boeing as well as the organization of Boeing’s organizational structures.   It becomes easier for the management of Boeing to control its internal processes as well as its external process due to its market control ability.   Market control has made it possible for Boeing to source and maintain highly motivated staff due to the fact that Boeing has been able to maximize profits. The market control especially on aircraft prices by Boeing portents the danger of pushing small competitors out of business. As a result of market control by Boeing, there lacks perfect control as Boeing together with a few other industry big players continue to drive small firms out of business and therefore denying the buyers the freedom of choice as well as the satisfaction that comes with the freedom of choice.   Market control has resulted into a near monopoly situation in the aircraft manufacturing industry although in actual sense, Boeing’s environment is oligopoly. Market control by Boeing has resulted into a situation whereby, due to lack of many potential substitutes, Boeing continues to exert influence in pricing, making its prices some of the most exorbitant in the market.   On the other hand, market control has seen Boeing grow into a very profitable organization therefore creating benefits to the society by providing job opportunities as well as by engaging in sponsorship programs in the society. As a result of the market control mechanism employed by Boeing, decision-making process has become easy, as delegation is possible.   Market control mechanisms at Boeing has made it possible for the management at Boeing to execute its organizing, planning, coordinating and controlling functions easily as the market is friendly, less turbulent and predictable.   Despite the sustained competition from Airbus, Boeing still commands market control and it should be able to regain some of the market share it has lost to Airbus in the past few years. Reference http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/01/13/aribus_ed3._.php Accessed on 8/4/2007. www.tau.ac.il/~razin/Airbus%20versus%20Boeing%20revisited.doc Accessed on 8/4/2007.       How to cite Market Control: Boeing, Essay examples

New Public Art Project Proposal for Fort Calgary- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNew Public Art Project Proposal for Fort Calgary. Answer: Introduction This document contains a project proposal. The site to be discussed in this document is Fort Calgary, which is located in Mohkinsstiss. This proposal will highlight the history of Fort Calgary; its different unique features, and how the new proposal will affect its current state. The construction of this Fort began in the year 1874. The Fort is the birthplace of the common city Calgary and this is the point where the past the present and the future of the Calgary city come from(Fortcalgary, n.d). In its early years of operation, the fort was a police administration center, which symbolized law, order, and prosperity. The fort also served as a; hospital, a refuge and social center and it was a focal point for settlers, ranchers and business. In the year 1914, the fort was sold to Grand Trunk Pacific railway who later on sold it to the Canadian National Railway(Fort Calgary Annual Report, 2016). The history of Calgary town was hidden under a railway yard and storage area for the next 61 years(Brown, 2005). In 1971, the city of Calgary managed to buy the fort and returned the citys birthplace to the public domain thanks to the efforts made by Alderman John Ayer. Since then the fort has been a center for Calgarians to think about their past and then plan for their future. Calgary Fort is an interesting site because this is where the past meets the present. The fort tells stories of the many cultures that have evolved and define who the Calgarians were(Fortcalgary, 2017). At the fort people gather there to a richer understanding of how the past shapes their present and future. The fort is a place of for truth and reconciliation(Discover Calgary, n.d). For this proposal, I wish to add some bit of art to the landscape around the fort. Landscape architecture achieves art through the shaping and design of outdoor and public spaces striving to achieve aesthetic, environmental and social-behavioral balance; this simply means that applying artistic and scientific principles to the research, planning, design and management of both natural and built environment(Shannon Smets, 2010). The project entails analysis of the landscape, which means a systematic investigation of existing ecological situation, geological conditions, and social circumstances. The research will then evolve into design intervention that will improve the general outlook of Fort Calgary without interfering with its normal activities. The proposal will involve the design of a monument park in front of the fort. Monuments form very important elements of the urban physical realm(Alexander, 2005). They have an impact on the quality of public spaces in how they are perceived or experienced. Monuments are of particular importance. They have a special significance as preservers of collective memories and as symbols of the identity and the self-worth of nation, cities, neighborhoods, or smaller groups of people. They can sometimes be foci of the collective life of a people. Monuments normally act as landmarks and events of the past, but do so in the space and time of the present. The monument park that is to be design should consist of one major central monument that will in this case have to communicate a lot about the past and present lives of the Calgarians. This monument should be seen and experienced as one walks towards the fort. The art work must be exposed to everyone, not only to certain groups of people that are interested in the art and culture of the Calgarians but rather be encountered by very diverse publics, who often have no contact with art in the galleries and museums(Agapiou, et al., 2015). The landscape design will be the canvas. It shall explore proper planning that contributes to visual and pedestrian access, focalize the artwork, and contribute to more livable space around the fort. This project will be aiming at regenerating the space around the fort with regard to social interaction, landscape and art aesthetics, learning environments, and amplify the importance and prominence of the land and expand the public realm within this very important entrance to the fort(Shannon Smets, 2010). A general understanding of the site is very important and also the general understanding of the different types of sculptural forms to be used and how they can be integrated in the landscape. For our case, we shall use freestanding sculpture, relief sculptures, kinetic sculptures, and equestrian. Freestanding sculptures are those sculptures that are unattached to the background and have space on all of their sides. In this project, a sculpture of a soldier constructing the fort will be our main monument. This monument will be placed at the midpoint of the gate in the compound and the entry into the fort. The monument should be very huge in size as compared to the other sculptures. This monument should also be designed in such a way that it has a face of a modern soldier to represent the present life and culture, and the face of a traditional soldier to represent the soldiers who did participate it the construction of the fort and it will represent the past culture. The relief sculptures are those sculptures where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material. Within the forts sculpture park we shall have different relief sculptures carrying different messages. One shall bear police walking. This will represent the police who travelled to come and put up this wonderful fort. Another one will bear the different services that were being at the fort; police administration center, hospital, a refuge, social center and a focal point for settlers and business. Then the last one should bear the names of the police officers who participated in its construction. Then there is the kinetic sculpture. These sculptures generally portray things that are always in motion. In this project, a water fountain will be used to show how time does not stop. Times do change and people do change and culture changes with time. This fountain will be designed in that it drains its water to a man-made stream that will be made to flow within the sculptural park. Then finally, for the sculptures there is the equestrian. These are sculptures relating to horse riding. During the era when the fort was set up, horses were majorly used to transport goods and people. Therefore, a sculpture of that kind will be useful in communicating. Apart from the sculpture, the area should be well landscaped with beautifully done lawns. These lawns should have trees planted and sitting spaces provided under the trees. Then the sculptures should be arranged interestingly within the park to attract more traffic into the fort. The monuments will need regular dusting and annual repainting and repairs if any happens to be damaged. Then the lawns should be mowed on a weekly basis, and then picking of leaves shed by the trees should happen on a daily basis to ensure the park is in a neat state. The trees will also need some trimming to make them adopt interesting shapes. The pathways also should be cleaned on a daily basis. In conclusion I wish to state the fort as it is currently is not badly off but adding the sculptural park in front of it will really enhance its look in general and also much traffic of people will be attracted to the fort and by that much interaction will happen hence improving the socialization among the Calgarians. References Fort Calgary Annual Report. (2016). FC National Historic Site, 1-16. Brown, T. (2005). The World-famous Alaska Highway: A Guide to the Alcan Other Wilderness Roads of the North. Oregon: Graphic Arts Center Publishing Co. Fortcalgary. (2017). Fort-Calgary-School-Program. School Program Bronchure, 1-9. https://www.fortcalgary.com/content/uploads/Fort-Calgary-School-Program-Brochure-20172018.pdf Fortcalgary. (n.d). History of Fort Calgary. Retrieved April 5, 2018, from Fortcalgary: https://www.fortcalgary.com/about/history/ Discover Calgary. (n.d). Retrieved April 5, 2018, from WorldWeb: https://www.discovercalgary.com Shannon, K., Smets, M. (2010).The landscape of contemporary infrastructure. Rotterdam: NAi Publishers. Alexander, J. (2005). The educational buildings of Pius IV: variations upon a building type in urban monuments.Landscape and Urban planning,73(2-3), 89-109. Agapiou, A., Alexakis, D. D., Lysandrou, V., Sarris, A., Cuca, B., Themistocleous, K., Hadjimitsis, D. G. (2015). Impact of urban sprawl to cultural heritage monuments: The case study of Paphos area in Cyprus.Journal of Cultural Heritage,16(5), 671-680.

Intolerance in to Kill a Mockingbird free essay sample

The theme of intolerance is fully explored in the case of Tom Robinson and the underlying racism shown in the treatment of him. Intolerance is met by all three main characters, Scout, Atticus and Jem but is experience by many of the other supporting characters.  There was no one kind of intolerant person; they all came from different background, which is testimony to the point of the book ‘You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of views. ’ This quote shows that you have no idea why a person does what they do until you experience things from their point of view. This idea is why the trial happened, and explains why Tom was accused of raping Mayella. The racism shown in Maycomb has been a part of the town for a long time and is ingrained in the society’s mindset. †¦I hope and pray I can get Jem and Scout through it without bitterness, and most of all, without catching Maycomb’s usual disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Intolerance in to Kill a Mockingbird or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ’ When Atticus says usual disease he is referring to his experiences in Maycomb ‘Why reasonable people go stark raving mad when anything involving a Negro comes up, is something I dont pretend to understand’. This shows that from what Atticus can see no matter what happens if something goes wrong with a black person in Maycomb the people will go crazy until they get their way with them whether that be in trial or attack. And due to what is said earlier we assume it has always been this way which would explain why in the novel we see how a person’s race can turn another person against them for no good reason but that they had grown up that way and believing they are superior. In the novel we see how an innocent man is used as an object of elevation to propel an insecure man forward in the judgemental society he lives in. This is done with Bob Ewell and Mayella accusing Tom Robinson of raping Mayella despite it being next to impossible. Bob Ewell takes Tom to court because he is unhappy with his position in society and he and his family are described as filthy humans and uneducated and sees the joy Tom has in his life as an opportunity to propel himself by appealing to Maycomb’s feelings towards Black people. We know this to be true when Bob says something in court that is offensive to appeal to the white folk, ‘†¦I seen that black nigger yonder ruttin’ on my Mayella! ’ after that a ruckus begins meaning Bob succeeded in his plan. This idea of propelling yourself y taking someone else down displays that Bob knows because he is white and Tom is Black he will have the support of the majority, in fact even family members of Atticus support him. Throughout the novel Atticus and his family are judged and condemned for defending a black man, for example the constant comments directed to the children by Mrs Dubose ‘†¦Not only a Finch waiting on tables but one in the court-house la wing for niggers! ’ This shows that the public disapprove of their actions but they are not alone. Because they grew up in Maycomb and didn’t grow as a person like Atticus we see his own family attack and condemn Atticus, ‘I can’t say I approve of everything he does. ’ This quotes shows that even living with Atticus and seeing why he does what he does without being raised by him Alexandra still shows he intolerant views but she is less stern than she was at the beginning of the book ‘’ so we assume she is starting to come and see his ways we know she was fully against him as her own son had picked up on her use of the term ‘†¦nigger-lover. This shows that when a person is exposed to common sense and a fair view of all people they can begin to change. Ultimately throughout Harper Lee’s novel, we see that despite what is good and right the majority of people in the town are intolerant to black people because that is how they were raised. We witness the growth of many characters in the novel from their views to another in part icular Alexandra finally begins to see why her beliefs were bad but we also see Atticus’s children begin to understand all that is wrong with society. Not only that but we witness people take advantage of people for their own gains ignoring all rational and fair thoughts. To Kill a Mockingbird is a story about people no understanding why people do what they do, which relates to the central quotes of the novel, book ‘You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of views. ’ Harry Adam.

you are what you eat essays

you are what you eat essays People are, as the expression goes, what they eat. After all, the muscles in a persons body, and the blood flowing through their veins, are all supplied by the food that he or she consumes. Understandably, these foods would also have an effect on the way the brain functions. The foods we eat have measurable effects on the bodys performance, they may prove to have an even more critical influence on how the brain handles its tasks. The idea that the right foods, or the natural neurochemicals they contain, can enhance mental capabilities such as by defusing stress. (Blun 2) In the 1970s, Dr. Richard Wurtman of MIT and his graduate student, John Ferstrom, discovered that the nutrient composition of a meal affects the brains neurotransmitters, substances that control nerve impulses. They also found in rats, that the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin had great involvement with food intake. Dr. Wurtmans wife, Judith, later found that the carbohydrate content of a meal might influence dopamine and serotonin synthesis. Dopamine is related with alertness; it is used for fast reflexes, mental energy, and to assist in problem solving. Serotonin helps a person deal with stress. When the brain uses serotonin, feelings of stress and anxiety are replaced by a sense of tranquillity, often to the extent of somnolence.(Trankina 2) Serotonin is a composite of tryptophan, an amino acid that is found in food. The most simplistic way to obtain tryptophan is by consuming a high-carbohydrate meal, and avoiding foods containing protein and fat. (1-3) People in general are better able to cope with stress when their diets are high in complex carbohydrates. Many people misconstrue helpful, complex carbohydrates with sugary, refined carbohydrates. Refined carbohydrates are contained in foods such as white breads, sugar coated cereals, white rice, and other flour-based carbo...

Volcano Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Volcano - Essay Example Hot clouds and glowing lava advanced 1 km. down the Genol River. Inhabitants in Muntilan saw the ash fall over surrounding areas. Merapi is considered as the most active of the 130 active volcanoes of Indonesia. Twelve major eruptions have killed thousands. People of Indonesia look at Merapi with awe, wonder and reverence and every year a priest makes the ascent to the top of the mountain to make the prescribed offering. For the last two weeks Merapi volcano has been spewing thick black smoke and the scientists say that a full scale eruption is soon on the cards. The full name of this mountain is Gunung Merapi, meaning Fiery Mountain. It is situated overlooking the ancient royal city of Yogyakarta. Eruptions are a regular feature with Merapi, one of the most active volcanos in the world. Small eruptions take place every 2-3 years, bigger ones at the interval of 10-15 years and the real big ones with tremendous destructive capacity, once in 50-60 years. The eruption of 1006 was so devastating that an entire Hindu Kingdom was destroyed. In 1930, about 1300 people were killed. The 1994 eruption was comparatively less destructive and it claimed 64 lives. Local people consider this volcano as very sacred. They also firmly believe that a supernatural Kingdom exists on the top of Merapi. Merapi is located in the zone called a â€Å"Ring of Fire,† in the Pacific Ocean. When at peace, Merapi is just like a friend to the people and to the tourists who are fond of hiking and climbing. But nothing could be predicted about this wonder of nature. Suddenly you can see the volcanic ash spew and then glowing lava ooze down on all its sides. As it intensifies, the sight of large plume of smoke billowing from it is not only amazing but terrifying! Notwithstanding its fearsome activities, people around the mountain love and respect Merapi and many cultivate crops quite close to the cone section. On November 22, 1994, Merapi shook and was in for a major bout of

Tax Advice Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Tax Advice Assignment - Essay Example Retaining GBP 30,000 per year in business Moving on to the first aspect, what are the major tax codes implied by the UK government. As with usual government practices across the globe, here too there is a (1) Corporation tax, (2) VAT, (3) PAYE (Pay As You Earn), (4) Self Assessment Tax, (5) Business rates tax, (6) Capital Gains Tax, (7) Stamp and Excise duties and (8) Industry specific tax. Before getting into these taxes, we need to understand the records to be maintained for an ongoing business concern or a proprietorship concern for that matter getting converted to a company format. These include: Business income records (record of sales) Business expenditure records (record of purchases and expenses) Financial and accounting records Employer records (payment to employees, benefits, IT , NIC) VAT records Formation of a company has major benefits in terms of liability of partners or shareholders as the business is treated as separate entity and hence there is no personal liability of any partner / shareholder towards creditors of the company. Corporate profits will be taxed at corporate tax rate of 28% and HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is responsible for Corporation Tax aspects. Upon intimation to Companies House, the same shall be provided to HMRC who in turn provides an introductory pack within six weeks containing CT 41G forms. Upon filling this form, the same has to be submitted to the CT Office and this information is used by HMRC to calculate CT and deadlines (Business Link, 2011). The corporation tax for small profit companies has been pegged at 20% as of 2011 (Business Link, 2011). VAT meaning Value Added Tax is charged by business houses on the goods and services provided. A VAT rate varies between 0-20percent in UK. The UK taxation laws provide options to reclaim VAT based on purchases made on goods and services, reclaiming VAT on Bad debts etc. (Business Link, 2011) a company/ partnership has to register for VAT if their taxable income is GBP ,64,0 00 a year . Some of the major benefits by incorporating a company will be : Company makes pension contributions promptly Claiming maximum possible expenses involved related to business as per UK legislation Capital allowances can be claimed if there is a capital expenditure incurred for the business. Ensuring benefits paid out in terms of medical and HRA if salary is less than GBP 26,000 per year. Surplus cash can be used as loan provided to business, on which interest can be earned and only needs to pay 10% tax on first GBP 10,000 taxable profits. If the same cash is maintained in personal account, then 40% tax on interest has to be paid. Hence, here there is a clear demarcation of 30% interest savings. There are options where no tax can be paid on certain income derived – expenses allocating to a particular income stream, eg: A Partner’s salary allocating to interest income, in such a way no tax need be required to be paid on the income generated. GBP 7500 capital ga ins tax free allowance. The firm need not pay National Insurance and is only liable to pay Corporation Tax at 10% on its profit slab upto GBP 10,000 and 20% on next slab level between GBP 50,000 – 300,000 after deducting all expenses including Director’s remuneration. By developing Company Pension Scheme and payment of dividend to its shareholders, the Corporation Tax can be reduced a great extent. (Form A Company, Worldwide Incorporations, 2011).at times, the management by taking a small pie as salary reap a major portion of

Sustainable engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sustainable engineering - Essay Example employed schemes are the building research establishment environmental assessment method(BREEAM) and leadership in energy and environmental design(LEED). BREEAM was officially launched by the building research establishment(BRE) and consequently adopted by the United Kingdom as one of its systems. LEED was by us institution United States green building council (USGBC) and officially accepted as the benchmark for green building practices. All these two schemes are based on effective system for collecting credits that are used for a wide of building, both the existing buildings and the new buildings. These systems cover a wide range of issues that include energy, pollution, building site, water indoor environmental quality and materials one of the most important in both the two schemes that is the key sustainable development is energy consumption expressed in another language as resulting to carbon emissions from the buildings. It is therefore clear that robust building environmental assessment schemes will possibly play a very critical role in assessing the building energy performance. According to Lee and Bumet(2008) it is important to understand this schemes interms of their scopes, performance criteria, credit scales and methodologies. Lee et al conducted a comparison of the baseline buildings, their performance criteria, credit scales and their simulative tools between a number of schemes while Asdrubali et al (2008) undertook a comparative study of energy regulations in Spain and Italy based on a semi-detached house. In this study more emphasis is put on the assessment of energy performance of new building within the BREEAM and LEED. For easy assessment of the energy performance of buildings and effective calculation of the corresponding energy rating in BREEAM and LEED schemes, a computational simulation was applied. Even though there are many energy simulation software that are available in the market, there is need to choose the one that suits the aim of

Preservation Of Industrial Buildings History Essay

Preservation Of Industrial Buildings History Essay Industrialization was a major chapter of the world development affecting cultural, social, economical as well as architectural the life of the previous post-machine 20th century citizens. Industrialization revolution had a great impact taking over the whole world, but its great growth also demanded a constant increase of factories shaping the industrial character of the era. The urban environment now was introduced with new building typologies the factories forming areas which were acting like poles of interest, areas were working and living was combined. This radical development involving the rise of big cities resulted to a pattern described as industrial buildings equal to the concept of a  ¿Ã‚ ½social condenser ¿Ã‚ ½ within the greater city network. Unfortunately, wrong management, and loss of money in many regions of the world resulted to the decline or even the death of Industrial Buildings in a worldwide scale. Cheaper labor, lower cost of materials and relocation of indus tries closer to their resources was some of the main factors that result to this phenomenon. The idea of these buildings generation was a result of a fast growing development creating a productive manufacturing system which activated the socioeconomic system. Through the years this system started to decline and slowly result to the death or deactivation of some industrial building affecting the balance of this socioeconomic system. So these building by losing their value as social condensers now they become neutral spaces preserving their ex  ¿Ã‚ ½ activated memory and identity within their surrounding environment. The need to preserve their architectural heritage during the past few year derive both from the state, that supports and promotes the process of re-establishment through generous economic and other motives, but also from the private architects that have learned to respect and enhance the value of architectural forms of past. Moreover, the wider public, the inhibiters and the users of these buildings, not only see the romantic and nostalgic side of traditional architecture, but also its functional and economic contribution in the modern way of life. The import of new users in an existing shell constitutes a challenge for the architects and engineers. The combination of new and old, the respect to the history but also to the satisfaction of modern functional need determine the quality of result.  ¿Ã‚ ½What we need is continuity . . . historic preservation is not sentimentality but a psychological necessity. We must learn to cherish history and to preserve worthy old buildings . . . we must learn how to preserve them, not as pathetic museum pieces, but by giving them new uses. ¿Ã‚ ½ (Ada Louise Huxtable) Industrial Buildings The industrial buildings constitute a specific category of structures. Manufactured to satisfy the needs of economy in the past, have lost their authentic usefulness that is owed mainly to the restructure of the economy and deprived from a alternative use for years. Abandoned and destroyed they degrade the environment in which they are placed and the same time they are threatened with demolition. The industrial buildings are often neglected because their industrial aesthetics. Nevertheless, they are carriers of important historical deposit and with their presence they have shaped the urban landscape of their region. In past few years, their value of heritage as well as the prospects of economic growth that they offer has been reevaluated. (Kizis,2007) How these buildings affect the urban and social context: 1) Urbanization: The concentration of work in the factories has involved the rise of big cities in order to it serves and it accommodates the economically active population. (Sullivan, 2009) 2) Exploitation: The workers should leave their family so that they come to work in settlement and city where the industries are found. (Sullivan, 2009) 3) Change to family structure: In the Industrialized societies exists a structure of many members families that is extended a lot of generations that remained probably in the same place for generations. In the industrialized societies the nuclear family, that is constituted from only by the parents and their increasing children, predominates. Children that reach in the adultness are more mobile and they tend relocate where the work exists. The bonds of many members family become feebler. (Sullivan, 2009) 4) Environment Industrialization create a lot of health problems. Problems such as noise, air, the pollution of waters, the poor diet, the dangerous instruments, the impersonal work, the isolation, the poverty, the lack of roof, and the abuse of substances. The problems of health in the industrially nations it is as a lot of that is caused from the economic, social, politicians, and cultural factors as from pathogenic. The industrialization has become a important medical question worldwide. History of industrialization and deindustrialization: the case study of Cyprus Industrialization in Cyprus was a term that was early introduced to locals due to their agriculture work. After the B ¿Ã‚ ½ World war development in Cyprus took place in a such increase way affected from Europe and the universal development in general. This development was not only a turn into the technology but also a sociopolitical change due to the urbanism that was taking place in the island. It is now the time for change in life and parallel in architecture with the first modern building start to appear from young Cypriot architects that studied abroad. ( Pyla, 2009) Never less the most important step to the ongoing increasing development in the island was the independence of the Cyprus Republic and the end of the British colonialism. It is then where Cypriot becomes independent in all sections such as economic and sociopolitical growth. This fast growth take place in many sections of the society such as tourism, agriculture, industry . The need for public buildings become more and more essential where the same time for industry with the needs of the state become bigger. Then we start saw the great examples of modern architecture in all kinds of buildings and especially the huge growth of industry in Cyprus. (Fereos, 2009) What cause the decline and death of Industrial zones and Buildings in Cyprus ? Globalization and inexpensive labor in other regions of the world has resulted in the decline Cheaper Labour Lower cost of materials Industries are closer to their resources Industrial zones was initially located in green fields outside from the cities. Due to the fast growth development of the residential areas these zones become integrated and part of these areas forcing them to relocate their position among the society for several reasons. Preservation and Restoration: Cultural Heritage The cultural heritage as a definition was created n the recent centuries which describes objects, building or even areas which are important for the modern society. This characteristic define them as important things which the either reflect or represent pieces of the culture itself. For example this heritage could be the ancient monuments, some art work or even territories where there importance is stated as necessary and their protection, restoration and conservation are policies that need to carried out from the current world. A late organization called  ¿Ã‚ ½UNESCO ¿Ã‚ ½ had recently set the scope of the protection of this heritage by defining this heritage as  ¿Ã‚ ½the entire corpus of material signs  ¿Ã‚ ½ either artistic or symbolic  ¿Ã‚ ½ handed on by the past to each culture and therefore, to the whole humankind. ¿Ã‚ ½ (Jokilehto. 2009. p1) This statement shows how we all have the responsibility to respect and protect the heritage that was carried from our predec essor and need to move on the next generation. This heritage belongs to everybody from the smaller to larger piece and their importance is reflected to the society itself. Authenticity, Integrity, Originality As we see a brief history of how preservation and restoration of the cultural heritage was developed through ages but with most important in 18th and 19th century we understand that people had a unique aim: they respect their heritage and they feel the need to protect their memory. The fact that several opinions and ideas was developed was due to many condition and mostly about the understanding of what is original and authentic. If we start analyze the word authenticity we see again that is derive from the Greek word (ea?t) which mean my self and Latin (autor) which means originator and authority. So we can conclude that this does not mean in any case to copy or add something. From the artistic point of view writer express that  ¿Ã‚ ½the authenticity of a work of art is a measure of truthfulness of the internal unity of the creative process and the physical realization of the work, and the effects of its passage through historic time ¿Ã‚ ½ (Jokilehto. 2009. p.296). This statemen t show the relationship of the a genuine piece of art and its passage through time, where an important piece will never stop to reflect its importance and memory. Never less authenticity is also mention as the opposite of copy and mimesis so one can say that the better for a renovation is to find a way to preserve the historical monumental parts of the building is a sense that they will keep their historical reference through memory maintaining their cultural importance in the society as it was the day it was build. Even though then we should discuss the meaning genuine which stress the fact the by restoring a building you can succeed to preserve the same time its original style. Understanding the several meaning given from the book we realize that genuine mostly refer for the outer skin of the building and what is being seeing from the users pointing the materialistic part of the building. The issue that derive is how you can restore a building without copying anything and the same time make add on and attachments that will help this building to restart its life. The answer is given again through another term called integrity corresponding to the use and the technique that a conservator will use in order to incorporate a proper solution without disturbing the building monumentality. Unfortunately any restoration will affect is a sense the original face of the building but this will never stop to affect the buildings authenticity if its executed with a proper and honest use of the material. Auth enticity should be related always to the memory of the building not only in terms of look but also other conditions like its use through time. Such as this conditions are extremely important to be evaluated from a conservator in order to understand the building itself and can proceed into a restoration that eventually bring in a new function the so called a building in new settings. Modern architecture and by extend modern life can be integrated with in monuments and co-exist in a balance where one will feedback to other reminding and informing the modern life for the predecessor. (Jokilehto. 2009.) Definition of industrial heritage  ¿Ã‚ ½Industrial heritage consists of the remains of industrial culture which are of historical, technological, social, architectural or scientific value. These remains consist of buildings and machinery, workshops, mills and factories, mines and sites for processing and refining, warehouses and stores, places where energy is generated, transmitted and used, transport and all its infrastructure, as well as places used for social activities related to industry such as housing, religious worship or education. ¿Ã‚ ½  ¿Ã‚ ½Industrial archaeology is an interdisciplinary method of studying all the evidence, material and immaterial, of documents, artefacts, stratigraphy and structures, human settlements and natural and urban landscapes, created for or by industrial processes. It makes use of those methods of investigation that are most suitable to increase understanding of the industrial past and present. ¿Ã‚ ½ Renewal of use The inevitable deterioration in which the buildings are submitted leads to the abandonment and the depreciation of construction of the building but also in the wider region where is situate. The restoration, reutilization or the imposition of construction concerning with the improvement and the renewal of internal arrangement and the design of public historical buildings, renew their use, that contributes in the improvement of quality of life of residents and users of region. It gives the possibility for the historical continuity of traditional habits and social facts. Moreover, it constitutes the means of passage from the traditional way of life in the most modern expressions. (Louvi,2007) Reuse In order to maintain a building, it is essential that it adapt a new use. In the case where the initial use is not neither the feasible neither desirable, import of new use contributes not only in the maintenance of building, but also the rebirth of surroundings in general. Moreover, the restored buildings the help improve the quality of life of residents, since they enrich the infrastructure of region. The new users are attracted in the region and the probabilities for the economic growth and the new investments are improved. The increase of sector of tourism and the need for a turn to the qualitative tourism, have led to the utilization of traditional architecture and her historical environment in general. Nevertheless, the new uses that are imported need to be balance well so much in order to lead to exploitation of economy with tourists as cultural product that will lead afterwards to the export of his cultural value. The new uses are determined and simultaneously contribute in the demographic character of region. It is thus essential is achieved the balance between the various types of uses but also between the socio-economic groups of residents and the users that live or are in attracted in the region by these uses. The social polarization, that is to say the concentration of big number of individuals of particular teams of population can result in the creations of ghetto or the attraction of rich individuals that replaces the initial residents. The social and economic cohesion is essential for the viable growth of region. (Louvi,2007) What is Adaptive Reuse? The adaptive re-use is the process that old structures are adapted for reasons apart from them initially intended. When the initial use of structure changes or it is required more, since with the older buildings than the Industrial Revolution, the architects have the occasion to change the initial operation of structure, maintaining certain from the existing architectural details that render the building uniqueness. The adaptive re-use, with the re-establish Brownfield, sees from many as factor key in the maintenance and the reduction of ground of sum of sprawl. It is more efficient and environmental responsible to reutilize the older buildings more near to urban cores than to support the new construction in the distant regions Greenfield. ( Cantell, 2005) Importance of the Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Buildings: The industrial areas and buildings have impressive architectural value. The re-establishment of old urban industrial neighborhoods or structures is a question in the first line modern urban growth in the United States. A successful adoptive program of re-use can bring the redevelopment, the tourism of heritage, and the new life in a community. ( Cantell, 2005) Sustainable Aspect 1)  ¿Ã‚ ½ Recycling is a fundamental act in establishing sustainable development. Recycling and reutilization are actions which are increasingly natural and necessary on an individual and collective level. ¿Ã‚ ½ (Sherepeklis, 2009) 2)  ¿Ã‚ ½One of the most important benefits of reusing an old building is the retaining of the  ¿Ã‚ ½Embodied energy within ¿Ã‚ ½. That means that the energy involved in all the associated processes when building (sourcing raw materials, manufacturing of materials and equipment, labor, transport). ¿Ã‚ ½ (Sherepeklis,2009) 3)  ¿Ã‚ ½By saving this energy alone, an architectonic project of reutilization is more sustainable and ecological that any other new construction project and most cost efficient in the long term.  ¿Ã‚ ½(Sherepeklis, 2009) Dilemma In one hand the modern needs require technology, sanitary or other of installations of additions and the rearrangement of interior or addition of interval. In the other hand, the modern materials and the techniques render the process of re-establishment easier and more precise. But these alternations have occupied in order to exist or cannot correspond in the modern requirements, undermine often the value of heritage of building. These two facts now bring to us front from a dilemma: in order to maintain the cultural heritage that is incorporated in the structure of historical building with any cost, or to allow the domination of new use. A balance between the heritage and the economic and utilitarian value should exist and succeeded. But where precisely this line is found ? Each building has a different value, the problems and the occasions of heritage. Accordingly, each individual building should be judged different. ( ¿Ã‚ ½:2004) Additions The alternations in the traditional buildings are often essential in the order achieve the better functional planning and the satisfaction of new use but also for the import of modern infrastructure. These alternations should not affect the structural sufficiency of building or the hierarchy of initial intervals. Moreover the alternations should not overcome the remarkable traditional characteristic features. In certain cases it is essential are added the new volumes of construction in the abroad of traditional building. Any addition should respect and harmonize with the traditional building while simultaneously is recognizable, showing the modern construction. Any additions in the interior or exterior of a historical building should be easily reversible and recognizable. The new elements should show their period of construction and not replicate traditional forms. (Kizis,2007) We distinguished 3 categories of preferable industrial buildings that have the prospect to be reutilized or preserved: 1) First category is that of monuments, buildings as museums of industrial archaeology could continue their life. 2) Second category is the case of import of new uses in the old factory that requires the cohabitation of new operations with some part of existing equipment and line of production. 3) Third category is only limited in the reuse of the buildings existing fabric, contributing often in the maintenance of industrial landscape that characterizes big regions of cities that experienced in the past corresponding activity and growth. (Kizis,2007) Monuments and museums of Industrial Archeology There is no doubt that a superannuated factory, left abandoned, that it stop to be productive and affective because its technology stop to support it have its architectural fascination because of its old equipment and its fabric which reference to its historicity identity. Never less this building changes its condition of production and economy to memory of cultural heritage. It becomes subject of investigation of industrial archeology. As long as it fulfills the criteria and the requirements it becomes part of the cultural heritage of a society under the protection of the state. This will reflect the culture of a civilization and its evolution through the time. Although an industrial complex which it was sub urban now it becomes part of the urban fabric due to the ongoing expansion of the city. Once this building was a social condenser, as an attraction point for the worker of the industrial landscape, now it becomes strange to its new environment. It will be stiffness and with no sense if we take as granted that all abandoned industrial building should be preserved as cultural heritage museums. The reason it is not only financial. The evaluation and the record of an industrial building, in order to be preserved, should be executed under specified criteria that will result to the selection of few representative examples of each period with main aim the preservation of the industrial equipment. This will result to a complete chain of industrial archeology samples that constitutes the history of a place. Never less this chain of cultural samples should be complete with the preservation of industrial buildings and focus their interest as industrial museums of their technological and technical equipment. As result this building can inhabit only a specific use and this could be only the  ¿Ã‚ ½museum of themselves ¿Ã‚ ½. Although the new use of industrial building to an industrial museum it is a preservation of the existing building this also requires a series of additions and improvements either to its structural system or to its technology. This improvements will ensure and create the proper conditions for the building in order to accommodate the new uses, according to the today ¿Ã‚ ½s requirements. Some of these changes could be the structural and antisismic reinforcement, architectural changes that will support not only the new functional requirements but also the mechanical and generally will provide to the building the support to function as a contemporary museum which most probably is not supported by the existing situation. The task of the architectural interaction to the existing fabric of the building should be the district contrast with the existing and genuine parts of the building. In a way we treat the building as a monument in order to achieve any misunderstandings and confusions of the users and guests of the building in the future use between the existing and the additional parts. Case Studies We have a lot of examples around the world of industrial buildings turn into museums of themselves. But I found most interesting to show some samples of a country in the idea of cultural chain of industrial archeology. The specific projects making an attempt to reflect the history of the building and the same time the production line of the factory and its products. The main axis of the presented exhibition is a journey through production line along the mechanical equipment using mixed media. The architectural composition neither tried to reveal the new additions of in the existing building differentiate them either in material and style. The first case study that interest me as an industrial museum of its self was the of the open air museum of hydrokinetic complex in Dimitsana, Greece apart of hydrokinetic corn mill, tannery and gunpowder mill located next to the river Lousios. In a delicate restored labs the visitors developed an experiential relationship with the space between the acting mechanical equipment. Driven through the thematic of the museum the visitors have the opportunity grasp with their own hands the flour of the corn which is milled in front of their eyes and then continue to the next spaces where they can watch several educational movies for the processing of the gunpowder. In the other hand, another approach of a museum is the factory of oil Industrial Building in Lesbo, Greece. The aim of this full restoration was the cultural settlement the peripheral oil industry by emphasizing in the digital productions of representation. The visitors is subjected to presentations that will enable him to understand and conceive the functional part of the machines,( such as steam boiler, steam engine, movement axis, pressure engines ) and the process of crushing and compressing of the olives and then the division of oil with the steamer olive press. Last but not least example is the mud brick and pan tile factory in Volos, Greece which in this case the thematic approach of the museum follows the production line start from the collection of soil till the final product. The journey interest that followed from the visitors is based on the production line of pan tiles and mud bricks where parallel the journey is enriched with several discoveries from the area. The users have also the opportunity to get inform through moving explanatory models for the general function of the imposing space that surrounds the mechanical equipment, the inactive belts and the pallets with the raw mud bricks and pan tiles. The rest of the museum thematic related with the history of the building located in a independent space with neutral architecture. Small Museum coexist with new uses The luck of the abandonment industrial buildings that cannot reutilized or even restored as museum is always architecturally questioned for their future in order to integrated them again into the urban fabric and contemporary life. This is the majority of the cases where if they become museums they will repeat them selves in a boring way and also it would very wasteful for the state to support such a strategy for all of them. Never less this cases are treated with a different way that tries to balance between the museum and the new uses. The solution is given with the restoration of part of the mechanical equipment in combination of the reuse of the building fabric with complete new uses. This cohabitation of these two components will give the result of a small museum that is decorated with the new functions within the space of an industrial building or the . Criticism through case studies There several examples of treating an industrial building with this way where is some cases the result is good and some other not so successful of the co existence of mechanical equipment and the new uses. The case study of the reutilization of the old factory  ¿Ã‚ ½Strihnokaprou ¿Ã‚ ½ in Volos, Greece with the housing for the activities of the handicap persons creates several questions and miss understandings from the users and visitors of the space. The issue that created from the users was the difficulties of understanding the production line of the factory and the connection between the several mechanical parts which they are spread around the building. And not only that the way the machines are used for stands for several creations and materials reveals that this experiment failed and the equioment that left there to bring the memory of the building is distracting than inspiriting the actions of the inhibiters. In the other hand one experiment that succeed to coexist together the mechanical equipment and the new uses was the museum or  ¿Ã‚ ½Roman Sculpture in Centrale Electrica Monte Martini ¿Ã‚ ½ in Rome. This example reveals the parallel cohabitation of two exhibitions where in one hand is that of sculptures and the other those of the equipment. This case of museum is one that doesn ¿Ã‚ ½t have that of industrial archeology but use it as a background. In this background we see the one can see the mechanical equipment of the central power station. The new uses then is presented in a successful way as the continuation of the old uses as a habitant who use again its house  ¿Ã‚ ½furnished ¿Ã‚ ½ with the existing equipment. This example shows the importance of the choosing the new uses for this kind of buildings and the preservation and coexistence of parts of the mechanical equipment. From the moment that these mechanical equipment is preserved just to decorate or supplement the new uses they become underestimated or even become burlesque. There are a lot of bars, higher institutes and cultural centers that use these mechanical equipments as decorative components for their spaces in transformed industrial buildings. Reuse of industrial building fabric Following the above issues then one can wonder if there is any sense to have a spread exhibition of mechanical equipment around the restored building were the practical approach should be the house of new functions that these building can offer as a building fabric. The conservation of a building fabric could the last chance to save industrial buildings in new uses. The reason for not demolishing them in order to give their place to a new contemporary building for the needs of the city is their architectural value and their importance as symbols of memory, landmarks. Therefore their architectural interest is concentrated in their industrial landscape apart from the buildings that give also the character to area around them that will always recall to the memory and history of the production with no need to educate them with museum approaches. Thereby the reuse of an industrial landscape should aim to the conservation of the memory of the place taking account that this place should function as a  ¿Ã‚ ½landmark ¿Ã‚ ½. But we should be careful again not repeat the above issue that could be created of restoring an industrial building and settle it as a decorative object within its urban context. Case Study Tate Modern Importance of Technological and technical equipment in Industrial Buildings Old industrial Buildings characterized as historical buildings when they appear to have great architectural value. Nerveless today is strongly believed and acknowledge that this buildings host also another important cultural component, that of the technical equipment. This cultural component reveal the continuously effort of human resolving basic needs such as investigation on the solution and improvement of the quality of life. Technical culture is always interwoven with the human evolution and its record and research is become part of the history of technology. We must realize that industrial units with great architecture is the container of a production line with the support of this technological support and the human as the manager and controller of them. This equipment then could be characterized as the living organism of the building that function with only purpose the production of goods. If we remove this equipment from the building then is like we remove the soul of the buil ding, creating a neutral space which was originally formed to host this equipment. The network of this technological equipment then is becoming a great source of understanding of not only how this building was functioning and producing goods but also inform us for other things such as political, social and financial conditions, working place, rights and legal subjects, environment and ecological conditions, geological conditions and primary sources, etc. Research on the technical equipment will rise several values such as scientific, technical, structural, aesthetic, ecological and financial. Scientific values, because of the investigation and application of contemporary knowledge on physics, mathematics, chemistry and other sciences. Technical and structural values because each time we have invention of new materials, methods and techniques . Aesthetic values due to the appearance of machines that sometimes mimesis from nature ( snail ), were in the newer machines we have variation on coloring, minimization of scale, aerodynamic shapes or extreme shapes that was prototypes for that period. Ecological values due to the concern of minimizing the blare and emissions, economy on energy, use of dangerous ingredients and recycle materials. Financial values with main aim the reduction of cost of production that is basically the main issue for a product and general a business to survive. In order to protect and conserve industrial monuments requires the preservation and nomination of the historic technical equipment through a scientific approach that should contain a series of stages such as: Locate and record of industrial eq

Essay --

Men and Women There is a misconception in society that has to be with the differences that exist between male and female. People think that women and men react and experiment the same changes as they go through the difference stages of life. That idea is completely wrong. A lot of phycological studies affirm that since childbirth, the social, emotional and developmental differences are inevitable. The differences between masculine and feminine appear very early in the human development.The differences when choosing toys are very obvious. While boys like to play with cars or balls, girls prefer Barbie and pink dresses. In the middle of childhood, we can appreciate those differences too, for example, at school. Boys like physical games while girls, tend to favor games that include talking and social communication. During those ages, parents encourage boys to explore fresh experiences and unknown things, while girls are more protected by their parents and relatives. Boys normally have large groups of friends, and they like to play together. The stronger boy in the group is considered â€Å"the leader." With girls, this aspect is very different; they focus on one or two "bestfriends." Friendship between girls consists on keeping secrets that no one else can discover. Trust is the main element. They avoid differences. Girls prefer an identical distribution of power.That is why, when girls go, for example, to the movies; they constantly try to walk in a perfect row, which means that they have "identical power†. In contrast, boys regularly walk in a triangular shape.The leader is supposed to be the first, and the rest of the group follow the leader. Those differences in characters and ideas that appear during childhood are re... ... get over the situation, men cannot understand those changes most of the times, and they prefer to end with their marriages or to look for new experiences with younger women during their marriages. According to Dr. Paul Cameron, a Maryland psychologist, reported to the Midwestern Psychological Association, based on his exhaustive research, â€Å"Men like sex a lot more than women do, we men are fools for beauty.† As we can see there are a lot of changes that both genders experiment during their life but women and men react and live each stage in a different manner. During adolescence and adulthood, the contrast that in childhood is reinforced and new hormonal changes appear. Alterations such as menstruation, maternity, breastfeeding or menopause make an enormous difference between opposite genders. The lifetime discrepancy between sexes is completely unavoidable.

Book Response : Elie Wiesel “Night” Essay

Rianna Welsh 622 Book: â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel 1. Does the story have an explicit theme? What is it? Use at least 3 details from the story to support your answer. Yes, the book does have an explicit theme. There are many examples of the explicit themes .Some of the themes are * Death- Death was shown through the loss of loved ones, especially when Elie lost his entire family to the concentration camp. It was also shown through the hurtful torture that happened, and the decaying smell of dead bodies penetrating in the prisoner’s noses. * Faith- Elie’s father told Elie to never lose his faith of his religion and that it would help him through everything that was bound to happen, and keep him strong. First Elie wasn’t sure of his faith. He thought if there was a God, then why did he create the situation that they were in. * Hatred – The Nazi’s acted with a lot hatred against the Jews, Gypsies, Ghettos, and many others who stood in their way. They killed and tortured because of hatred. The hate succeeded over all. 1. What point of view is the story told? What are the advantages of the chosen point of view? Use details from the text to support your answer. The point of view is told by Eliezer (a slightly fictionalized version of Elie Wiesel). Eliezer speaks in the first person and always relates to the autobiographical events from his perspective (point of view). He said â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed.† Followed by him saying â€Å"Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky.† Finally he finished by saying â€Å"Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself.†

The History and Invention of Peanut Butter

The History and Invention of Peanut Butter It’s one of the country’s favorite things to spread over bread. We dip celery sticks in it. It’s often baked into cookies and countless deserts. I’m talking about peanut butter and as a whole Americans consume tons of the pulverized pea about a billion pounds worth each year. That’s roughly $800 spent annually and  a booming increase from the roughly two million  pounds produced at the turn of the 20th century. Peanuts were first cultivated as food in South America and natives in the region began turning them into grounded up paste roughly 3,000 years ago. The kind of peanut butter that the Incas and Aztecs made was of course much different from the manufactured stuff sold in grocery stores today. The more modern story of peanut butter actually began towards the end of the 19th century, not too long after farmers began mass commercializing the crop that was suddenly in demand after the civil war. A Nutty Controversy So who invented peanut butter? Its hard to say. In fact, there appears to be some disagreement among food historians over who deserves the honor. One historian, Eleanor Rosakranse, says a woman from New York named Rose Davis started making peanut butter as early as the 1840’s after her son reported seeing women in Cuba grinding peanuts into a pulp and smearing it onto bread.      Ã‚   Then there are some who think the credit should go to Marcellus Gilmore Edson, a Canadian chemist who in 1884 filed and was granted the first patent in the United States for what he called â€Å"peanut-candy.† Conceived as a kind of flavoring paste, the process described running roasted peanuts through a heated mill to produce a fluid or semi-fluid byproduct that cools into a consistency like that of butter, lard, or ointment. However, there wasn’t any indication that Edson made or sold peanut butter as a commercial product. A case can also be made for a St. Louis businessman named George A. Bayle, who began packaging and selling peanut butter through his food manufacturing company. It’s believed that the idea was born out of a collaboration with a doctor who had been seeking a way for his patients who were unable to chew meat to ingest protein. Bayle also ran advertisements in the early 1920’s proclaiming his company to be the â€Å"Original Manufacturers of Peanut Butter.† Cans of Bayle’s Peanut Butter came with labels touting this claim as well. Dr. John Harvey Kellogg It isn’t difficult to find those who dispute this claim as many have argued that the honor should go to none other than the influential Seventh-day Adventist Dr. John Harvey Kellogg. Indeed, the National Peanut Board states that Kellogg received a patent in 1896 for a technique he developed for making peanut butter. There’s also an 1897 advertisement for Kellogg’s Sanitas company Nut Butters that pre-dates all other competitors. More importantly, though, Kellogg was a tireless promoter of peanut butter. He travelled extensively throughout the country giving lectures on its benefits of to health. Kellogg even served peanut butter to his patients at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, a health resort with treatment programs supported by the Seventh-day Adventist church. The one big knock on Kellogg’s claim as the father of modern day peanut butter is that his disastrous decision to switch from roasted nuts to steamed nuts resulted in a product that barely resembled the ubiquitous jarred goodness found on store shelves today. Kellogg also  in an indirect way played a part in the production of peanut butter reaching a mass scale. John Lambert, an employee of Kellogg’s who was involved in the nut butter business, eventually left in 1896 and founded a company to develop and manufacture industrial strength peanut-grinding machines. He would soon have competition as another machine manufacturer, Ambrose Straub, was granted a patent for one of the earliest peanut butter machines in 1903. The machines made the process easier as making peanut butter had been quite tedious. Peanuts were first grounded using a mortar and pestle before being put through a meat grinder. Even then, it was hard to achieve the desired consistency.    Peanut Butter Goes Global In 1904, peanut butter was introduced to the wider public at the World’s Fair in St. Louis. According to the book â€Å"Creamy and Crunchy: An Informal History of Peanut Butter, the All-American Food,† a concessionaire named C.H. Sumner was the only vendor to sell peanut butter. Using one of Ambrose Straub’s peanut butter machines, Sumner sold $705.11 worth of peanut butter. That same year, the Beech-Nut Packing Company became the first nationwide brand to market peanut butter and continued to distribute the product until 1956. Other notable early brands to follow suit were the Heinz company, which entered the market in 1909 and the Krema Nut Company, an Ohio-based operation that survives to this day as the world’s oldest peanut butter company. Soon more and more companies would start selling peanut butter as a disastrous mass invasion of boll weevils ravaged the south, destroying much of cotton crop yields that had long been a staple of the region’s farmers. Thus the food industry’s growing interest in peanut was fueled in part by many farmers turning to peanuts as a replacement. Even as demand for peanut butter grew, it was primarily being sold as a regional product. In fact, Krema founder Benton Black once proudly boasted â€Å"I refuse to sell outside Ohio.† While it may sound today like a bad way of doing business, it made sense at the time as grounded peanut butter was unstable and best distributed locally. The problem was that, as the oil separated from the peanut butter solids, it would rise to the top and quickly spoil with exposure to light and oxygen.                All that changed in the 1920’s when a businessman named Joseph Rosefield patented a process called â€Å"Peanut butter and process of manufacturing the same,† which describes how hydrogenation of peanut oil can be used to keep the peanut butter from coming apart. Rosefield began licensing the patent to food  companies  before he decided to go off on his own and launch his own brand. Rosefields Skippy peanut butter, along with Peter Pan and Jif, would go on to become the most successful and recognizable names in the business.

Free Essays on Birth Rank

that describe each birth position, first-born, middle born, last born, and only children. The subjects then had to rate each word they used in terms of positive or negative using a scale ranging from -5, being most negative, to +5, being most positive. The subjects were grouped according to their birth rank and sex. The favored position, started with first-born middle, youngest, and then only-child positions. Characteristics that some peoples found positive were considered negative by others. This contrast reflects the complications of personal dynamics. The eldest birth position was viewed as dominant-aggressive, a quality that reflects both strength and weakness. The middle birth position identified with social able characteristics, thoughtfulness, responsibility, ambition, and independence. The youngest birth position was viewed as social and thoughtful. Independence, ambition, socialabl... Free Essays on Birth Rank Free Essays on Birth Rank Beliefs about birth rank and it’s contribution, personality, family role, and peer influence have been studied greatly by man psychologists and sociologists. The ideas about birth rank can reflect a different image of reality for siblings and parents. Birth orders can effect attributes of oneself’s personality because of the constraints they may feel from another sibling. In contrast to multi-child families single-child families have their own statistics about how only children develop in regards to personality, family, occupation and peers roles. Though some may feel it yields drastically different, many studies have found that it only slightly differs. The Identification of Birth Order Personality Attributes, views the first born child as the favored birth position followed by the middle, youngest, and only-child positions. The author Lawrence Nyman found that subjects ranked their own birth position similar to ways other s ranked that position. Nyman took 139 undergraduate and graduate students and asked them to list three words that describe each birth position, first-born, middle born, last born, and only children. The subjects then had to rate each word they used in terms of positive or negative using a scale ranging from -5, being most negative, to +5, being most positive. The subjects were grouped according to their birth rank and sex. The favored position, started with first-born middle, youngest, and then only-child positions. Characteristics that some peoples found positive were considered negative by others. This contrast reflects the complications of personal dynamics. The eldest birth position was viewed as dominant-aggressive, a quality that reflects both strength and weakness. The middle birth position identified with social able characteristics, thoughtfulness, responsibility, ambition, and independence. The youngest birth position was viewed as social and thoughtful. Independence, ambition, socialabl...

Business Research Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Research Methodology - Essay Example The objective of this research proposal is to understand and analyse factors affecting behaviour of consumers while purchasing products of Apple Company. In order to obtain essential research data related to the company and various strategies implemented by the company, extensive secondary research has been done. The study will try to figure out the relationship between factors affecting consumer behaviour and its relationship with purchasing decisions made by the consumers. The overall aim of the study has been divided into smaller objective and each objective has been studies thoroughly. The study has used both qualitative and quantitative method for data collection as well as data analysis. Primary data is collected through questionnaire as well as focus group methods. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 4 Research Questions 5 Literature Review 5 Research Methodology 6 Justification 6 Research Methods 6 Research Philosophy 6 Research Approach 7 Research Strategy 8 Data Collection Met hod 8 Data Analysis 9 Reference List 10 Introduction The use of computer tablets and smartphone has seen a dramatic increase in the recent past. Also, mobile applications have taken up the last spot in various gossips around mobile industry. Latest mobile applications companies such as Apple have revolutionalised the distribution of technologically advanced products. They have also become extremely visible and one of the most profitable part of the company. For decades, consumers have been the most puzzling and complex factor for the marketing and business professionals. Consumer behaviour, decision making processes, reasons for various choices etc, have always been the topic of interest as well as awe for these marketers (Blackwell, Miniard and Engel, 2006). However, with the help of technology as well as various business analysis tools, marketers have been able to crack many of these puzzles. That is why the study of consumer behaviour is one of the critical factors in every busin ess strategy (Pride and Ferrell, 2012). The study of consumer behaviour considers various reasons such as situational, personal, social and psychological, reason for shopping products and services, buying and using them, becoming loyal customers and disposing them. Mobile communications have hugely impacted the way individuals and communities interact with each other and perform business. Smart phones have become a must have item for executives and business professionals because the offering of smartphone are more advances and versatile compared to regular mobile phones. Several factors can be attributed to customers getting attracted to a particular product or service as well as switching from one product to another. These can be product quality, design and style and support services offered by the products (Hoyer and Macinnis, 2008). In case of mobile and technological products, competition is more intense. Availability of technology has made the competition tough and decreases th e overall life of mobile products. Thus, companies now require to be constantly innovating in order to survive in the market. Consumer behaviour can also be affected by various other factors such as situational, psychological, personal, family and culture. Marketers try to find out the various trends so that they are able to reach their target customers in the most convenient and cost-effective way. Marketers also try

Native people social movements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Native people social movements - Essay Example that was formed, the Anishinabe continued to fight following the established prophecy hence finding themselves in California and being united helped the Anishinabe to obtain back their nationality from the whites. Afterwards, Ojibwa also known as the Anishinabe people’s urge with their friends resulted in a fight that begun killing one another for the purpose of the hunting ground. All the Anishinabe people with their tribes became vigilant in protecting their people from slavery and their territories (Lorman). However, they all fought for the protection of their homeland for the land became the main issue that brought all the suffering. With the native youth movements, roadblocks were put in place to stop invasion into their land since they abolished all of the following activities. Railways construction, highways, mining, resorts, dams, cities, deep seaports, garbage dams and many others that led to their outbreak of war. Additionally, different organizations movements were created like the American-Indian political activism during the year of 1960s for obtaining their rights (Bruchac). In addition, among other movements was a national association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP), southern Christian leadership conference (SCLC) and finally groups were also formed like National organization for women (NOW). The formed group and movements mainly dealt with the rights of their individuals together with land issues maintaining their social integrity. During the establishment of national Indian youth council (NICY) that occurred after the tribes of Oklahoma with Great Plains that defeated the NCAI of 1994. The developed groups used peaceful ways with Americans where they encouraged the third world liberations. However, various groups of young individuals came up with American Indian movements (AIM) with an intention of the police harassment (Williamson). However, the Alcatraz Island reduces the pride and their consciousness with the rise of

Business Environments of ALDO and Clarks shoe Companies Essay

Business Environments of ALDO and Clarks shoe Companies - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in 1993 ALDO entered the US market and in the next year it ventured out of North America. Israel was the first country outside North America where ALDO started its business under a franchisee agreement. It set ALDO’s international business model. By 2011 the company has opened more than 1000 stores operating in sixty-five countries across the globe. There are also 160 ALDO Accessories stores operating in nineteen countries. The Clarks was established as a result of an inspirational idea by James Clark. The company was founded by the joint effort of the brothers, Cyrus and James Clark in 1825 in Somerset village in the United Kingdom. The start was made with â€Å"their sheepskin slipper, named the ‘Brown Petersburg’† which was highly successful. In 1842 the monthly sales averaged at one thousand pairs a month. Initially, the entire production was prepared by hand and by the Clark brothers only. With the rise in demand, workers fr om outside were hired. In 1851 the Clark brothers were awarded â€Å"at the Great Exhibition† where the achievements of the British industry were showcased. In 1863 the factory system was established and thirty years later, in 1883, the first shoe was designed that fit the actual shape of the foot. This remains as the bedrock of reputation of this company. In 1990, the factory location was changed from the UK to Portugal following changes in trade patterns in the world. It was the onset of the company’s decision to move out and operate overseas. Presently Clarks has expanded in â€Å"Eastern and Western Europe, North America, India, as well as China†. The knowledge of the core customer base is essential for any retailer. The decision about the target market is taken on the basis of detailed analysis on the existing client base. Customer satisfaction level and loyalty, loopholes leading to customer dissatisfaction, current taste of the people in general, spending patterns of the people and scope for pulling them towards the particular brand, visions of creating new designs suiting customer preference; all these require in-depth knowledge of the customers or range of customers that a retailer targets for its sale. Respect for the customers’ preferences is very important.

Lord Capulet Essay Example for Free

Lord Capulet Essay Within the scene where Capulet is crossed by Tybalt at his masked ball, Capulet differs again. His mood suddenly changes from being humorous and charming to being hot headed and flying of the handle. I believe he is short tempered and is unable to control it; he becomes very angry towards Tybalt. Why, how now, kinsman! Wherefore storm you so? This demonstrates to the audience how infuriating he can be. I speculate the audiences learn that Capulet is a changeable character, as he is logical and caring but he becomes deadly serious when someone tries to challenge him. He assumes people should respect his authority. In act three, Lord Capulet informs his wife about the proposal. Lady Capulet deems Juliet will be overjoyed with the news hath sorted out a sudden day of joy that thou expectst not nor I lookd not for she has a positive view to marriage and feels all she needs is a man. She reveals the news to Juliet. At first Juliet considers the proposal as good news. But she then says she would rather marry her enemy than marry Paris. This is amusing because she has previously married her enemy, Romeo, in secret. I will not marry yet; and, when I do, I swear, I shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate, rather than Paris This shows Juliet is intensely in love with Romeo. Lady Capulet says here comes your father; tell him yourself. I imagine she wouldnt tell him, Presuming Capulet will go insane. As he evidently did so, I will drag thee on a hurdle thither, out, you green- sickness carrion! Out, you baggage! You tallow -face! This demonstrates how contrasting his thoughts really are, he can not believe she is being so ungrateful. Previously He was praising her up, saying how dearly he loves her and how divine she is. But now he states she is worthless that Juliet is like a curse and wishes she was no longer here. In addition he told Paris that it was Juliets decision if shed like to marry him. He went back on his word and gave Juliet no choice of the matter, using his authority to over rule her, this is proof he was contradicting himself. In this time women were owned by their fathers until their time of marriage when they became property of their husbands. Capulets goal was to find a suitable match for his darling daughter, having so Juliet refused and Capulet became immoral, he bellowed wicked things to Juliet, which today no father would dare say. I presuppose Capulet thinks he has the right to speak to his daughter in such a way because she is his property I dont think this is right, nobody should be spoken to in that manner. I sense Juliet was distressed because of this. Ill to the friar, to know his remedy if all else fail, myself have power to die Lord Capulet is an over powering man, he demands and receives what he wishes, no matter if he hurts someones feelings, especially his own fl esh and bloods. Overall I have discussed that Lord Capulet has two completely opposite sides to him. He can be kind, loving, and charming, e.g. scene one, but he can soon flip to becoming unmistakably hot- headed, controlling and malicious preparing us for his actions in scene five.

Perceptions of Mental Illness Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Perceptions of Mental Illness Throughout this course, much of what we have discussed has depended strongly on an interpretation of scientific information. We have questioned, criticized, accepted, rejected, and formed our own ideas about topics in neural and behavioral science. A book which I have read recently seems to fit in with this type of discussion. Blaming the Brain, by Eliot Valenstein, describes the major biological theories of mental illness and the lack of evidence we have to fully support them. What Valenstein argues is that we have come to a point where we accept all mental illness as purely biological in origin, and have discarded older ideas about social and psychological effects, rather then attempting to see how these two different types of explanations fit together. While some may argue that this shift has helped to significantly de-stigmatize mental illness, it also has caused a neglect of important factors which must play a role in these disorders. In 1999, in a report by the Surgeon General, it was stated that research into the biology of the brain is "a potent antidote to stigma," but it was also emphasized that psychotherapy not be forgotten as it sometimes plays a large role in recovery. Finding middle ground: Although we do not know all there is to know about disorders of the nervous system, I believe that it is very plausible that mental illness is mostly the result of disturbances in the nervous system. Although in extreme situtions, some claim things like, "it reduces a complex human activity to a slice of damaged brain tissue" (4). I wouldn't go this far to assume that this is all there is to it, although I also don't believe that all mental illnesses can fit into the same box. While s... ... fallacies of no-fault addiction http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/brynmawr_main?http_rc=400&class=session&sev=temp&type=session&cause=http%3A%2F%2Fweb7.infotrac.galegroup.com%2Fitw%2Finfomark%2F672%2F823%2F36248906w3%2Fpurl%3Drc1_EAIM_0_A53551866%26dyn%3D3!xrn_5_0_A53551866%3Fsw_aep%3Dbrynmawr_main&cont=&msg=No+Session+cookies&sserv=no 5)Schizophrenia http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/brynmawr_main?http_rc=400&class=session&sev=temp&type=session&cause=http%3A%2F%2Fweb7.infotrac.galegroup.com%2Fitw%2Finfomark%2F672%2F823%2F36248906w3%2Fpurl%3Drc1_EAIM_0_A53551866%26dyn%3D3!xrn_5_0_A53551866%3Fsw_aep%3Dbrynmawr_main&cont=&msg=No+Session+cookies&sserv=no 6) Scientists Call for End to Neurology-Psychiatry `Divide' http://mentalhealth.about.com/?once=true&rnk=r7&terms=neuroscience Valenstein, Eliot. (1998). Blaming the Brain. New York: The Free Press

Learning Disability Case Study Essay -- Psychological Assessment

A psychological assessment is a fundamental aspect in measuring intellectual disabilities (Drew & Hardman, 2007). Information provided from partaking in an assessment includes severity of the disability and an understanding of the individual’s limitations as a result of the disability (Drew & Hardman, 2007). Knowledge of these elements, as explained by Drew and Hardman, aid in determining the necessary supports required by the individual to help them cope with the disability. It is important that the assessment measures both cognitive and adaptive aspects of an individual’s functioning because, â€Å"Mental retardation is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behaviour as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills† (Drew & Hardman, 2007, p. 19). Once an assessment of these areas has been completed an individual may be identified as having an intellectual disability. Information discovered by the assessment may lead parents to feel a sense of relief knowing the reason behind their child’s struggles (Lerner & Johns, 2012). With an identification the information collected from the assessment helps professionals provide better care and support to the child and their family (Drew & Hardman, 2007). Identification also leads to increased legal rights of a child for special education and access to essential supports and services (Lerner & Johns, 2012). Unfortunately, the results for an assessment may not be completely accurate, nor fully capture the child’s true performance capabilities (Drew & Hardman, 2007). Also, a diagnosis entails a label and Lerner and Johns (2012), explain that such labels can harmful for children. This diagnostic la... ...are or after their death. This planning will ensure that the child will be prepared for a life without parents to fall back on for support. Works Cited Drew, C., & Hardman, M. (2007). Intellectual Disabilities Across the Lifespan (9th ed). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. Hallahan, D. P., Kauffman, J. M., McIntyre, L. J., & Mykota, D. (2010). Exceptional learners: An Introduction to special education. Canadian Edition. Toronto, ON: Pearson Education. Harwell, J., & William Jackson, R. (2008). The Complete Learning Disabilities Handbook: Ready-to-Use Strategies & Activities for Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA.: Jossey-Bass. Lerner, J. W, & Johns, B. H. (2012). Learning disabilities and related mild disabilities: teaching strategies and new directions (12th ed.). USA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Whilst Lady Macbeth

In this essay I am will be analysing how Shakespeare and Duffy present madness in â€Å"Macbeth† and â€Å"Havisham†. Macbeth is a play by William Shakespeare. It starts off with three witches who tell Macbeth that he will become the king. Macbeth kills the king and becomes king. Macbeth is beheaded by Macduff who was born by Caesarean section which was not considered to be born of a woman. The play was set in the Jacobean era. The Jacobean Era refers to the time in English and Scottish history that concurs with the reign of King James VI of Scotland, who also received the crown of England in 1603. Havisham† is a poem written by Carol Ann Duffy. This poem is spoken by Miss Havisham, a character in Dickens’ Great Expectations. Jilted by her scheming fiance, she continues to wear her wedding dress and sit along with the remains of breakfast for the rest of her life, while she plots her revenge on all men. She hates her spinster state – of which her unmarried family name constantly reminds her. In this section, I will tell you the similarities in Lady Macbeth and Miss Havisham. Lady Macbeth and Miss Havisham share some similarities in their madness. For example, Lady Macbeth shouts, â€Å"Out damned spot! Out I say! † This quote indicates that she sense that she is responsible for the murder of the king so she hallucinates and imagines that the king’s blood is still on her. Also Miss Havisham says, â€Å"Beloved sweetheart bastard. † This quote shows that she still cares for him but she also hates him. This Language device that is used is called an oxymoron. Another Similarity is that metaphors are used in both texts. For example, Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"will these hands ne'er be clean? † This quote suggests that she cannot get rid of her guilt like she cannot get rid of the blood on her hands. Miss Havisham says, â€Å"Ropes on the back of my hands†¦ † This quote represents her aging, as well as the years spent ‘wringing her hands’ with emotion, anger and nerves. In this section, I will tell you the differences in Lady Macbeth and Miss Havisham. Lady Macbeth and Miss Havisham also share some differences in their madness. For example, Lady Macbeth deserves her madness whilst Miss Havisham didn’t. You can see this when Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account? † This quote shows that she is feeling anxious about the killing of the king and is afraid that someone might challenge her authority. Whilst Miss Havisham says, â€Å"the dress yellowing, trembling if I open the wardrobe. † This quote indicates that time has passed and that she literally trembles when she looks at the clothes of her past as she was an innocent victim. Another difference is Lady Macbeth’s madness is rooted from her guilt of murder and repentance whilst Miss Havisham’s madness is rooted from revenge and the pain and sorrow she has felt. This can be seen when Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him† This quote shows that Lady Macbeth has become delusional over the sin she has committed and is losing her mind and is going on a psychotic rant. Whilst Miss Havisham says, â€Å"Not a day since then I haven’t wished him dead. This quote shows that Miss Havisham is being tormented by a memento from her wedding dress which reminds her of the betrayal of her fiance. Havisham also uses enjambment to show the feelings of her past are ongoing and is reflected through the use of the run on lines. In my opinion, I think that Miss Havisham deserves more sympathy than Lady Macbeth as Havisham was jilted on her wedding day and I think that having your lover leave you on the most special day of your life can leave you traumatised and upset. I think that Lady Macbeth as an evil lady as she actually decided to kill Duncan when she saw Macbeth’s letter even though Macbeth didn’t decide to kill him and wasn’t ready to do it either. Lady Macbeth deserves to go mad since that is like her own punishment for her crime In conclusion, Shakespeare and Duffy both present madness in Lady Macbeth and Miss Havisham in a number of ways, both similarly and differently. Readers are bound to feel more sympathy for Havisham then they are for Lady Macbeth due to the fact that Havisham is the victim in her story whilst Lady Macbeth is portrayed as the villain. Havisham is seen as the victim because she has been left by her fiance on the day of her wedding and then was left to suffer the rest of her life alone. Lady Macbeth is seen as the villain as she killed King Duncan with absolutely no remorse in her actions whatsoever at the time, she has just shown remorse after falling ill and ranting about the blood from the king being irremovable. It is common psychology that we feel more sympathy for Havisham as she has done no wrong and was betrayed. We view Lady Macbeth as evil as she killed a man out of greed and for her own gain.