University experience essay: January 2020

Friday, January 31, 2020

The Spanish-American War Essay Example for Free

The Spanish-American War Essay Tp what extent was the Spanish-American War a turning point in the development of American foreign policy? The Spanish-American War of 1898 could be seen as the pivotal point in foreign policy as it marks AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s first engagement with a foreign enemy in the dawning age of modern warfare however, one could also argue that the idea had always existed in American politics. Until the end of the nineteenth century, American foreign policy essentially followed the guidelines laid down by George Washington, in his Farewell Address to the American people: Ã¢â‚¬Å"The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations isÃ¢â‚¬â€in extending our commercial relationsÃ¢â‚¬â€to have with them as little political connection as possible. Ã¢â‚¬ By avoiding entanglements with foreign powers, America aimed to minimize the possibility of being dragged into war hence, war was to be undertaken only in defense of the nation against attack. However, the Spanish-American war saw Americans fighting to gain colonies elsewhere, with no relation to self defence. Though going to war with the Spanish was defended as non-imperialistic, shown by the promises of independence for Cuba and the Philippines, the American victory resulted in territorial gains and a inflated sense of power. A much more active and aggressive foreign policy was evident after the Spanish-American War, it had transformed from being focused primarily on isolated nationalism to expansionistic imperialism. The Spanish-American war resulted in numerous territorial gains, the Paris Treaty handed over Caribbean areas such as Puerto Rico and Guam to America which led to a series of land acquisitions as it expanded in what seemed like direct colonization. The war had begun with paternal feelings of supporting a fellow nation trying to win its freedom, however, the pro-Cuban hysteria masked AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s real intention which was to take over the island. Although Cuba was recognized as independent, American troops remained on the island for another four years and an American Ã¢â‚¬Å"governorÃ¢â‚¬ was put in charge. This showed America extending itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s political influence like never before and this was further emphasized through the Platt Amendment 1901 which gave the US right to intervene to maintain the independence and stability of Cuba.Ã‚ What impaired their independence was ultimately up to America and this gave the power to control Cuban affairs. Another victory through the Treaty of Paris was the possession of the Philippines. Though the Filipino independence leader Emilio Aguinaldo had aided in the defeat of Spain in 1898, USA refused independence to the Islands and a vicious three year war ensued. A civil government was created after the capture of Aguinaldo under William Taft and this showed a drastic change in American foreign policy. They could no longer justify interference with the excuse of the islands being within its sphere of influence but McKinley argued that America had the role to Ã¢â‚¬Å"uplift and civilize and christianize [Filipinos] as our fellow-men for whom Christ also died. McKinley was either unaware or simply chose not to inform the people that, except for some Muslim tribesmen in the south, the Filipinos were Roman Catholics, and, therefore, already Christians. In reality, the annexation of the Philippines was the centerpiece of the large policy pushed by the imperialist cabal to enlist the United States in the ranks of the great powers. The Spanish-American war gave the push that the American government needed to make a final decision over Hawaii. The Hawaiin Islands were known as the Ã¢â‚¬Å"crossroads of the PacificÃ¢â‚¬ , tracing routes from USA to Japan, Australia and Philippines. The treaties of 1857 and 1887 allowed cheap duty-free sugar into the USA but in return, Hawaii was requited to accept both American economic domination and political protection. In 1890, when a rebellion began under Queen Liliuokalani, the marines were sent to force a surrender. This perhaps can be seen as an early display of AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s expansionist foreign policy, however, the annexation of Hawaii was opposed by many in government who feared that America would become an imperial power like the Europeans. It can be argued that the war with Spain in Cuba strengthened the arguments for annexation as America gained an inflated sense of confidence from victory and officially took up their role as a Ã¢â‚¬Å"global powerÃ¢â‚¬ . Hawaii was annexed in July 1898, after the Spanish-American war had ended. The result of the Spanish-American War was that USA became a Carribean powerÃ‚ with itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s temporary acquisition of Cuba and this brought about long discussed plans for a canal through the Isthmus of Panama. The USA gained a 10 mile wide strip of the canal and was granted full control. With increasing territorial gains such as Cuba and Panama, USAÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s interest in Latin American affairs was evident. Roosevelt felt that US had the right to intervene in order to maintain stability in the area and this was evident through the Roosevelt Corollary where he stated that the US had the right to intervene in the affairs of other countries on the continent in cases of Ã¢â‚¬Å"chronic wrongdoing or impotenceÃ¢â‚¬ . Americans decided what was deemed a Ã¢â‚¬Å"wrongdoingÃ¢â‚¬ and it was used to justify their taking over finances of Dominican Reupublic in 1905 when it defaulted its debt and the intervention in Nicaragua in 1915. America was now moving even further away from an isonlationist power, delclaring to the world that the Western Hemisphere was its sphere of influence. However, its growth in influence differs to simple European empire building. It is undeniable that the US was interfering in internal affairs of sovereign nations for its own ends, however, Roosevelt felt it was a necessary evil as the European powers would seize the chance themselves to expand if some level of instability occurred in Latin America. Although US marines remained in territories such as Nicaragua and Dominican Republic for decades, the American government chose to withdraw them; unlike the European powers, they did not need to fight a bloody war to grant their territories independence. Roosevelt had perhaps preserved Latin American independence from Europe and ultimately, American involvement improved stability for the future. America began to meddle in world affairs or in the words of an imperialist, assume its global responsibilities in ways the founding fathers had previously avoided. Troops were dispatched to China to join those of the other powers in putting down the Boxer Rebellion of Chinese patriots; the Great White fleet was sailed around the world to declare AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s power and presence to the world; and the government became a promoter of overseas investment with external investment increasing seven-fold. More and more, the American wealth machine had changed itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s attitudes to the outside world. The Spanish-American War launched the United States on the path of a modern non-aristocratic empire founded on state power but oriented towards commercial and economical gain. By expanding the horizons of U.S. foreign policy in the pursuit of export markets through formal empire (Philippines) and informal empire (Latin America, Cuba, China), the Spanish-American War was a turning point. Sumner remarked in 1900 that Ã¢â‚¬Å"the political history of the United States for the next 50 years will date from the Spanish war of 1898Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and this can be seen through AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s successive entangling foreign commitments eventually leading to the involvement in the First World War.

Thursday, January 23, 2020

The History Of The Airship :: essays research papers

The History of The Airship Airships. In the early years of War, these beasts were known for their majestic presence in the sky and were icons of a country's power and prestige. They reigned mostly as reconnaissance and transport utility aircraft but there was something about this "lighter-than-air" ship that made it far more than a mere utility workhorse. In this essay, I will discuss the ever-popular and ever- living king of the sky; the Airship. Airships, or dirigibles, were developed from the free balloon. Three classes of airships are recognized: the non-rigid, commonly called blimp, in which the form of the bag is maintained by pressure of the gas; the semi-rigid airship, in which, to maintain the form, gas pressure acts in conjunction with a longitudinal keel; and the rigid airship, or zeppelin, in which the form is determined by a rigid structure. Technically all three classes may be called dirigible (Latin dirigere, "to direct, to steer") balloons. Equipped with a bag containing a gas such as helium or hydrogen which is elongated or streamlined to enable easy passage through the air, these Airships could reach speeds up to 10mph with a 5hp steam engine propeller. The first successful airship was that of the French engineer and inventor Henri Giffard, who constructed in 1852 a cigar-shaped, non-rigid gas bag 44 m (143 ft) long, driven by a screw propeller rotated by a 2.2-kw (3-hp) steam engine. He flew over Paris at a speed of about 10 km/hr (about 6 mph). Giffard's airship could be steered only in calm or nearly calm weather. The first airship to demonstrate its ability to return to its starting place in a light wind was the La France, developed in 1884 by the French inventors Charles Renard and Arthur Krebs. It was driven by an electrically rotated propeller. The Brazilian aeronaut Alberto Santos-Dumont developed a series of 14 airships in France. In his No. 6, in 1901, he circled the Eiffel Tower. Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, the German inventor, completed his first airship in 1900; this ship had a rigid frame and served as the prototype of many subsequent models. The first zeppelin airship consisted of a row of 17 gas cells individually covered in rubberized cloth; the whole was confined in a cylindrical framework covered with smooth-surfaced cotton cloth. It was about 128 m (about 420 ft) long and 12 m (38 ft) in diameter; the hydrogen-gas capacity totaled 1,129,842 liters (399,000 cu ft). The ship was steered by forward and aft rudders and was driven by two 11-kw (15-hp) Daimler internal- combustion engines, each rotating two propellers.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Po Management

Monday, January 6, 2020

Has Dr. Martin Luther Kings Dream Become Reality

In our modern society has the vision articulated by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in his acclaimed I Have a Dream speech become a reality in twenty-first century America? Though relevant government statistics are limited and do not go back to the 1960s, available data suggests that our country still has a long way to go before attaining true equality of opportunity for black and white Americans. Yet evidently as a nation we have come a long way to conquer the oppression of minorities. African American students can go to schools with white students, they can all eat in the same restaurants together, and some even marry one another. Discrimination is kept out of school and communities so the children of today are able to have better lives.Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦If our nations backbone of politics is biased, how will the citizens see beyond racism? For instance, in the shooting of Trayvon Martin trial, Zimmerman a 28 year old mixed race hispanic, shot Trayvon Martin, 17 year old A frican American. According to Zimmermans testimony, Zimmerman shot Martin, who was unarmed, during an argument between the two. Responding to a call from Zimmerman, police arrived on the scene of the shooting. Zimmerman was taken into custody, and shortly after released because evidence failed to refute Zimmermans claim of having acted in self-defense. Six weeks after the shooting, Zimmerman was charged with murder. Many claim this case was a clear example of racial profiling and argue Zimmerman was victimized because of his race. The modern day idea of racism encourages the people along with denying our country opportunity because of judgement on appearance. Not only has our politics taken to racist attitudes but correspondingly our law enforcement have adapted discrimination. The Ã¢â‚¬Å"percentage of all black people stopped that did not have any contraband on them: 98%.Ã¢â‚¬ Alternatively, the U.S. has stated they wanted some equality among people. This has failed even in the federal government where work force is Ã¢â‚¬Å"17% black, while blacks are roughly 13% of the population.Ã¢â‚¬ The statistics are arguments of the unequal judgment of individuals by their race. The law has brought racism in by showing more contemplation towards Latinos and AfricanShow MoreRelatedDr. Martin Luther King Research Paper1430 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesCommunications Essay DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. SPEECH Ã¢â‚¬Å"I HAVE A DREAMÃ¢â‚¬ Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15 , 1929 and died on April 4, 1968. He was born Michael Luther King Jr. but decided to change his name to Martin. Both Martin LutherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s grandfather and father were pastors of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. Martin Luther carried on the tradition and served as pastor from 1960-1968 (Nobel Prize, 1). He was a big part of the civil rights movement for his raceRead MoreMartin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech961 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Historic Ã¢â‚¬Å"I Have a DreamÃ¢â‚¬ Speech Dr. Martin Luther KingÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Ã¢â‚¬Å"I Have a DreamÃ¢â‚¬ speech was written and delivered on August 28, 1963, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and remains one of the most historically influential and world-changing speeches of all time. Fifty-two years later, this speech is considered to be one of the best persuasive speeches ever delivered. Dr. King is not only attempting to persuade his audience to understand the plight of minorities in the UnitedRead More The Life And Times Of Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay1714 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the eldest of Martin Luther King, Sr., a Baptist minister, and Alberta Williams King. His Father served as a pastor of a large Atlanta church, Ebenezer Baptist, which had been founded by Martin Luther King, Jr.s maternal grandfather. King, Jr., was ordainded as a Baptist minister at age 18. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;King attended local segrated public school, where he excelled. He entered a nearbyRead MoreMartin Luther Kings Greater Significance784 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 3 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. states, Ã¢â‚¬ËœFaith is taking the step even when you donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t see the whole staircaseÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ (King). Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929. His place of birth was Atlanta, Georgia. Faith was an important aspect of his life. His wifeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s is Coretta Scott King. King organized the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He attended Booker T. Washington High School and graduated from Morehouse College and Boston University. His philosophy of nonviolent resistance led toRead MoreThe Swinging Sixties: A Time of Civil Resistance Essay987 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pageswords of a legendary man who would later inspire change throughout the world. Through his panoply of work, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. challenged the popular idea of African Americans being of less status than Ã¢â‚¬Å"white menÃ¢â‚¬ . His I Have a Dream speech is recognized across the world, not only as inspiration for blacks everywhere, but also as a prime example of non-violent civic activism. KingÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s main objective was to achieve the equality that blacks had been deprived of. He discussed the issues of racialRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr.1857 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 Pages Ã¢â‚¬Å"I refuse to accept the view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a reality...I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word.Ã¢â‚¬ These famous words by the honorable Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. best capture his frame of mind and the hopes he once held for the African American people during his fight for civil rights. King was an activist, pastor, and strong leaderRead MoreStride Towards Freedom1358 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesTOPIC: A STRIDE TOWARD FREEDOM: THE MONTGOMERY STORY BY: DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. DISCUSSION LEADERS: LAVON CLARK III CHUK CHUKUDEBELU A brief summary about A Stride Toward Freedom: It gives a timeline of events ranging from Dr. KingÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s arrival to Montgomery, a journey that covers the bus boycotts through December 1, 1955 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ December 21, 1956 of the South and then concludes with asking the important question located in the last chapter, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Where Do We Go From Here?Ã¢â‚¬ It focuses on MLKÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s perspectiveRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King: A Great Public Figure1392 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesCourage, strength, persuasion, and the way one speaks are only a few qualities of a great public figure. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. possessed these qualities and was a great public figure in the movement towards freedom for all in America. King went to college at the age of fifteen, ordained as a minister at age eighteen, and received his PHD at the age of twenty-six. He grew up in a time that segregated the African Americans from the whites, a place where he thought that all men were free, but trulyRead MoreThe Fig ht for Freedom1312 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pagesbeen working for change since before the civil war, but mainly beyond. Some of the most prominent civil rights leaders include Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Philip Randolph, and Bayard Rustin. The two main goals of the civil rights activists being, equal rights and treatment for all races. As a result, the Ã¢â‚¬Å"I Have a DreamÃ¢â‚¬ speech was written by Martin Luther King, Jr., a man who Ã¢â‚¬Å"Led successful efforts to integrate public transportation in Montgomery, Alabama; founded the SouthernRead MoreMartin Luther King, Jr.s Speech, I have a Dream, Led to Change in Civil Rights1732 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr.Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Ã¢â‚¬Å"I Have a DreamÃ¢â‚¬ speech on August 28, 1963 led the way for a much needed change in AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Civil Rights Era. MartinÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s life brought about much needed change to allow black people to have equal opportunities. Martin Luther King, Jr. came from a long line of South ern Baptist Preachers. His father and grandfatherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s influence led the way for him to also become a Baptist preacher. The man he was came from his strong convictions in the word of God. This gave him the courage and

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